Expressions in C++ can evaluate to l-values or r-values. L-values are expressions that evaluate to a type other than void and that designate a variable. L-values appear on the left side of an assignment statement (hence the "l" in l-value). Variables that would normally be l-values can be made nonmodifiable by using the const keyword; these cannot appear on the left of an assignment statement. Reference types are always l-values. The term r-value is sometimes used to describe the value of an expression and to distinguish it from an l-value. All l-values are r-values but not all r-values are l-values. // lValues_rValues.cppint main() { int i, j, *p; i = 7; // OK variable name is an l-value. 7 = i; // C2106 constant is an r-value. j * 4 = 7; // C2106 expression j * 4 yields an r-value. *p = i; // OK a dereferenced pointer is an l-value. const int ci = 7; ci = 9; // C3892 ci is a nonmodifiable l-value ((i